Indima kunye noHlelo lweeBhloko zoBulukhuni kuVavanyo loVavanyo loBulukhuni

Kwinkqubo yovavanyo lobunzima, iibhloko zobunzima eziqhelekileyo azinamsebenzi. Ngoko ke, yintoni indima yeebhloko zobunzima, kwaye zihlulwa njani?

I.Iibhloko zokuqina zidlala indima ezintathu ikakhulu kuvavanyo lokuqina: ukulinganisa abavavanyi bokuqina, ukuvumela uthelekiso lwedatha, kunye nokuqeqesha abaqhubi.

1. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima, utshintsho lunokwenzeka kwiisensa zomatshini okanye kwisakhiwo soomatshini. Ke ngoko, sisebenzisa iibhloko ezisemgangathweni eziphawulwe ngamaxabiso obunzima aziwayo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukulungisa ukuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima. Ibhloko nganye yobunzima iphawulwe ngexabiso lobunzima; ukuvavanya ngebhloko yobunzima ngaphambi kokufunyanwa ngokusesikweni kunokulinganisa ixabiso lokubonisa lesixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima, kususwe iimpazamo zesixhobo, kuqinisekiswe ukuba idatha yokulinganisa iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lokusebenza kwesixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima, kwaye kugqitywe ngokukhawuleza ukuba isixhobo sokuvavanya ubunzima sikwimeko yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.

2. Ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa iibhloko zobunzima kunye neenkcukacha ezidibeneyo, ukuthelekiswa kweziphumo zovavanyo kunokufezekiswa phakathi kwabavavanyi bobunzima abahlukeneyo kunye nabahloli abahlukeneyo. Ngokubonelela ngeereferensi ezisemgangathweni ezinexabiso lobunzima elaziwayo, imigangatho yovavanyo phantsi kwabavavanyi bobunzima abahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ziyadityaniswa.

3. Iibhloko zokuqina ezisemgangathweni zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi kwiilabhoratri okanye kwiifektri ukuphucula ubuchule bokusebenza.

Amaxabiso azo obulukhuni alinganiswa zizikhungo ezinegunya, ezibonisa ukulandeleka, ukuchaneka, kunye nozinzo. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiibhloko zobulukhuni ziyafana nezo zesixhobo sokusebenzela esiza kuvavanywa (ezifana nesinyithi, iplastiki, njl.njl.), ezinokuhambelana neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ubulukhuni (uBrinell, uRockwell, uVickers, njl.njl.).

II.Uhlu lweebhloko zobunzima lusekelwe ikakhulu kwizikali ezahlukeneyo zobunzima, iintlobo zezinto, kunye noluhlu lwamaxabiso obunzima. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

1. Uhlu ngokweNdlela yoKulinganisa Ubulukhuni

Le yindlela yokwahlulahlula esetyenziswa kakhulu, ehambelana neentlobo zovavanyo lobunzima obuqhelekileyo:

Iibhloko zoBulukhuni beRockwell (HRC, HRB, njl.njl.): Ziyahambelana nabavavanyi bobulukhuni beRockwell, ezisetyenziselwa uvavanyo lobunzima bezinto zesinyithi rhoqo.

IiBloko zoBulukhuni beBrinell (HBW): Ziyahambelana nabavavanyi bobulukhuni beBrinell, zifanelekile ukulinganisa iintsimbi ezinobulukhuni obuphantsi okanye izinto ezineenkozo ezirhabaxa.

IiVickers Hardness Blocks (HV): Ziyahambelana nabavavanyi bobunzima beVickers, zinobunono obuphezulu, kwaye zinokulinganisa izinto zokusebenza ezincinci, iindawo ezincinci, kunye neeleya eziqinileyo.

IiBloko zoBulukhuni boMfula (HS): Ziyahambelana nabavavanyi boBulukhuni boMfula, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lobulukhuni bezinto zokusebenza ezinkulu okanye izixhobo ezingashukumiyo.

Iibhloko zoBulukhuni beLeeb (HL): Ziyahambelana nabavavanyi bobulukhuni beLeeb, zilungele iimeko zovavanyo ezikhoyo nakwimeko zovavanyo ezingonakalisiyo.

2. Uhlu ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo

Iibhloko zoBulukhuni beMetal: Kubandakanya intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ye-alloy, intsimbi engatyiwayo, i-alloy yekopolo, njl.njl., ezigubungela iimfuno zovavanyo lwemisebenzi emininzi yesinyithi yemizi-mveliso.

Iibhloko zoBulukhuni ezingezizo zesinyithi: Ezifana neebhloko zobunzima zeplastiki, zerabha, kunye nezeseramikhi, ezihambelana nomlinganiselo wobunzima bezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi.

3. Uhlu ngokweBanga lokuChaneka

Udidi oluQhelekileyo (Udidi 1): Lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa abavavanyi bobulukhuni, ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu kwamanani kunye nokulandelela ngokwemigangatho yesizwe yemetrological.

Udidi Lokusebenza (Udidi 2): Lusetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa uvavanyo lwemihla ngemihla nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwezixhobo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo lwemveliso oluqhelekileyo.

Xa uthenga iibhloko zobunzima, kuyimfuneko ukufanisa uhlobo lovavanyo lobunzima, uluhlu lobunzima bento yokusebenza eza kuvavanywa, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka. Ukulinganisa kufuneka kulandele imigaqo "yemigangatho efanayo, iimeko ezifanayo, kunye nokusebenza okumiselweyo" ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokulandeleka kwamaxabiso alinganisiweyo.