Unyango lobushushu obungaphezulu lwahlulwe lwahlulwe lwamacandelo amabini: olunye lunyango lokucima ubushushu obungaphezulu kunye nonyango lokufudumala, kwaye olunye lunyango lobushushu obusebenzisa iikhemikhali. Indlela yokuvavanya ubunzima yile ilandelayo:
1. Ukucima okungaphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu oluthambileyo
Ukucima okungaphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu oluthambileyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngokufudumeza ngokungenisa okanye ukufudumeza ilangabi. Iiparameter eziphambili zobugcisa bubunzima obungaphezulu, ubunzima bendawo kunye nobunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo. Isivavanyi sobunzima beVickers okanye isivavanyi sobunzima beRockwell singasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lobunzima. Amandla ovavanyo Ukhetho lunxulumene nobunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo kunye nobunzima obungaphezulu bomsebenzi. Kukho oomatshini abathathu bobunzima ababandakanyekayo apha.
(1) Isivavanyeli sobulukhuni beVickers siyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngobushushu. Singasebenzisa amandla ovavanyo angama-0.5-100KG ukuvavanya umaleko wobulukhuni obungaphezulu obuncinci njengobukhulu obuyi-0.05mm. Ukuchaneka kwayo kuphezulu kwaye inokwahlula izinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngobushushu. Umahluko omncinci kubulukhuni obungaphezulu, ukongeza, ubunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo bubonwa ngumvavanyeli wobulukhuni beVickers, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuxhobisa isivavanyeli sobulukhuni beVickers kwiiyunithi ezenza inkqubo yonyango lobushushu obungaphezulu okanye ezisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto zokusebenza zonyango lobushushu obungaphezulu.
(2) Isivavanyeli sobunzima beRockwell esingaphezulu sikwalungele kakhulu ukuvavanya ubunzima besiqwenga somsebenzi esinqunyiweyo. Kukho izikali ezintathu zesivavanyeli sobunzima beRockwell esingaphezulu onokukhetha kuzo. Singavavanya ii-workpieces ezahlukeneyo eziqinileyo ezinzulu kakhulu ezinobunzulu obusebenzayo bomaleko oqinileyo obungaphezulu kwe-0.1mm. Nangona ukuchaneka kwesivavanyeli sobunzima beRockwell esingaphezulu kungaphezulu njengokwesivavanyeli sobunzima beVickers, sele sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno njengendlela yokuchonga ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuhlolwa kweziqinisekiso zezityalo zonyango lobushushu. Ngaphandle koko, ikwanazo iimpawu zokusebenza okulula, ukusetyenziswa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokufunda ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso obunzima. Isivavanyeli sobunzima beRockwell esingaphezulu singasetyenziselwa ukubona ngokukhawuleza nangokungatshabalalisiyo iibhetshi zee-workpieces eziphathwe ngobushushu obungaphezulu nganye nganye. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwiifektri zokwenza isinyithi kunye noomatshini. Xa umaleko oqinileyo we-overfair treatment heat treatment utyebile, isivavanyeli sobunzima beRockwell singasetyenziswa. Xa ubukhulu bomaleko wobunzima be-heat treatment buyi-0.4-0.8mm, isikali se-HRA singasetyenziswa. Xa ubunzulu bomaleko oqinisiweyo Xa udlula kwi-0.8mm, isikali se-HRC singasetyenziswa. I-Vickers, i-Rockwell kunye ne-superficial Rockwell ezintathu zemigangatho yobunzima zinokuguqulwa ngokulula zibe zezinye, ziguqulwe zibe yimigangatho, imizobo okanye amaxabiso obunzima afunekayo ngabasebenzisi, kwaye itheyibhile yokuguqulwa ehambelanayo ikwi-ISO esemgangathweni yamazwe ngamazwe. I-ASTM esemgangathweni yaseMelika kunye ne-GB/T esemgangathweni yaseTshayina zinikiwe.
(3) Xa ubukhulu bomaleko oqinisiweyo ophathwe ngobushushu bungaphezulu kwe-0.2mm, kungasetyenziswa umvavanyi wobunzima beLeeb, kodwa kufuneka kukhethwe inzwa yohlobo lwe-C. Xa kulinganiswa, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekugqityweni okuphezulu kunye nobukhulu bento yokusebenza. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ayinayo iVickers kunye neRockwell Umvavanyi wobunzima uchanekile, kodwa ufanelekile ukulinganiswa kwindawo efektri.
Unyango lobushushu beekhemikhali ezi-2
Unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali kukungena kwi-athomu yento yokusebenza ngeeathomu zento enye okanye ezininzi zeekhemikhali, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwe-aperture yento yokusebenza. Emva kokucima kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kobushushu, i-aperture yento yokusebenza inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kunye namandla okudinwa okuqhagamshelana, kwaye umongo wento yokusebenza unamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Iiparameter eziphambili zobugcisa zento yokusebenza yonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali bubunzulu beleya eliqinileyo kunye nobunzima obungaphezulu. Umgama apho ubunzima buhla khona ukuya kwi-50HRC bubunzulu beleya eliqinileyo. Uvavanyo lobunzima obungaphezulu lwento yokusebenza yonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali lufana novavanyo lobunzima bezinto zokusebenza zonyango lobushushu obuphezulu obucinyiweyo. Abavavanyi bobunzima beVickers, abavavanyi bobunzima beRockwell obungaphezulu okanye abavavanyi bobunzima beRockwell banokusetyenziswa. Umvavanyi wobunzima ukuze kufunyanwe, kuphela ubukhulu be-nitriding obukhulu buncinci, ngokubanzi bungadluli kwi-0.7mm, emva koko umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell awunakusetyenziswa
3. unyango lobushushu lwengingqi
Ukuba iindawo zonyango lobushushu zasekuhlaleni zifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu bendawo, unyango lobushushu bokucima indawo lunokwenziwa ngokufudumeza okungenisiweyo, njl. Ezi ndawo zihlala zifuna ukuphawula indawo yonyango lobushushu bokucima indawo kunye nexabiso lobulukhuni bendawo kumzobo, kwaye uvavanyo lobulukhuni beendawo kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo ekhethiweyo, isixhobo sovavanyo lobulukhuni singasebenzisa umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell ukuvavanya ixabiso lobulukhuni beHRC. Ukuba umaleko oqinisiweyo wonyango lobushushu awunzulu, umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell ongaphezulu ungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ixabiso lobulukhuni beHRN.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-16-2023
