Mna.Ukulungiselela Uvavanyo
1. Ubukhulu besampulu elungisiweyo mabungabi ngaphantsi kwezihlandlo ezisi-8 zobunzulu bokutsalwa (ngesiqhelo ≥10mm) ukuthintela ukutsalwa ekungeneni kwesampulu okanye ukuba kuchaphazeleke yinkxaso yomphezulu ongaphantsi.
2.Nxiba iiglavu zokuzikhusela xa uphatha ukuze uphephe ukudibana ngqo phakathi kweminwe nomphezulu wesampuli, okunokubangela ungcoliseko okanye imikrwelo.
3. Ukuba kufuneka kwahlulwe iisampuli ezahlukeneyo, phawula amanani alandelelanayo kumphezulu ongavavanywanga ukuze uthintele ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yokutshona.
4. Qinisekisa ukuba izinto zesampulu zihambelana nezinto ze-indenter (umz., kufuneka i-tungsten carbide indenter kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguguleka kakhulu kwe-indenter okanye ukuqhekeka kwesampulu.
II. Iinkqubo Zokusebenza
1. Ukuqalisa Izixhobo kunye nokuzivavanya
Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba intambo yombane yesixhobo iqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo, yifake kwisokethi yombane ye-220V, 50/60Hz uze uvule iswitshi yombane engasemva. Esi sixhobo siza kwenza uvavanyo lobuqu, isikrini sokubonisa siya kukhanyisa size sibonise ujongano lokuqala. Emva kokuba uvavanyo lobuqu lugqityiwe, isixhobo siza kuqalisa ngokutsha ngokuzenzekelayo size singene kwimeko yokulinda yokusebenza.
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2. Ukufakwa kunye nokuQaliswa kwe-Indenter
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto eziza kuvavanywa, khetha i-indenter yebhola ye-carbide eqinisiweyo enobukhulu obufanelekileyo (φ2.5, 5, 10 mm). Coca ioyile yokulwa nomhlwa ngotywala uze uyisule ide igqibele kakuhle ngelaphu elicocekileyo lekotoni. Faka i-indenter kumngxuma we-spindle uze ujikelezise isikrufu sokulungisa ukuze ilingane nenxalenye ethe tyaba ye-indenter shank, uqinisekise ukufakwa okuqinileyo. Emva koko khetha iqonga lokuvavanya (iqonga elikhulu elithe tyaba, iqonga elincinci elithe tyaba, iqonga elinomfanekiso we-V) ngokwesimo sesampuli, beka isampuli ngokuqinileyo nangokuqinileyo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umphezulu ucocekile kwaye awunazo izinto ezingcolileyo.
3. Ukhetho lwaMandla oluVavanywayo kunye noSeto
I-HB-3000C Electronic Brinell Hardness Tester inika amanqanaba ali-10 amandla ovavanyo achanekileyo (ukusuka kwi-612.9 N ukuya kwi-29421 N). Umsebenzisi angakhetha inqanaba lamandla afunekayo kwisikrini sokuchukumisa se-intshi ezi-8 ngokweemfuno zovavanyo, kwaye umvavanyi uya kumisela ngokuzenzekelayo ubunzima ukuze afikelele amandla ovavanyo amiselweyo.
Okwangoku, ixesha lokuhlala lingasetwa ukusuka kwimizuzwana eyi-0 ukuya kwengama-60 kwisikrini sokuchukumisa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto. Kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuhlala licetyiswayo yimizuzwana eli-10–15.
4. Uvavanyo loBulukhuni bukaBrinell
Beka isixhobo somsebenzi kwibhentshi yokusebenzela, uze ujikelezise ivili lesandla ngokwewotshi ngesantya esizinzileyo nesilinganayo ukuze uphakamise inqanaba lesampuli. Yeka ukujikeleza ngoko nangoko xa isandi sesandi xa isampuli idibana ne-indenter.
Umvavanyi uza kuqalisa uvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo, oluquka ukufaka, ukubamba, kunye nokukhupha amandla ovavanyo oluphambili ngokulandelelana ukuze enze ukutsalwa. Emva koko jikelezisa ivili lesandla ngokuchasene newotshi ukuze wehlise inqanaba lesampuli kwaye ususe isampuli evavanyiweyo.
5. Umlinganiselo woBulukhuni beBrinell
Susa isampuli, apho kuya kubonakala khona ukugoba okujikelezayo. Linganisa ububanzi bokugoba usebenzisa imakroskopu yokulinganisa engama-20×, uze ufake ixabiso elilinganisiweyo kwiphaneli ye-hB-3000C Brinell Hardness Tester. Inkqubo iya kubala ngokuzenzekelayo ixabiso lobunzima ngokusekelwe kwifomula emiselweyo.
Okanye, inkqubo yokulinganisa yeBrinell ekhethiweyo iyafumaneka. Le nkqubo ibamba umfanekiso wokungena nge-CCD sensor, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima lilinganiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye liboniswe yikhompyutha.
6. Ukurekhoda idatha kunye nokuveliswa kweengxelo
Emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, umqhubi angajonga idatha eneenkcukacha kwisikrini sokuchukumisa, kubandakanya amaxabiso obulukhuni, ububanzi bokutsalwa, kunye nolwazi lwezibalo (ixabiso eliphezulu, ixabiso elincinci, ixabiso eliphakathi, njl.njl.). Idatha ingagcinwa nokuba kwimemori yangaphakathi yomvavanyi okanye kwisixhobo sangaphandle sokugcina i-USB.
Ukongeza, isoftware yomvavanyi inokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ingxelo ye-Word equlethe idatha yokulinganisa, iziphumo zezibalo kunye nemifanekiso, enokuprintwa okanye ithunyelwe ngaphandle ngumsebenzisi.
III.Ukugcinwa kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko
1.Emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, khupha onke amandla ovavanyo, khetha ukhetho lokuvala kwisikrini sokuchukumisa, kwaye ucime iswitshi yombane yesixhobo.
2. Ukuba izixhobo azizukusetyenziswa ixesha elide, qhawula intambo yombane, susa izinto ezifana ne-indenter kunye nobunzima, zicoce kakuhle, kwaye uzigcine ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ukuthintela umonakalo okanye ilahleko.
3. Hlanza kwaye ulungise izixhobo rhoqo. Hlola imeko yokuguguleka kwezixhobo kuquka i-indenter kunye nobunzima, kwaye utshintshe naziphi na iindawo ezonakeleyo okanye ezigugileyo kakhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Gcina indawo yokusebenza yezixhobo icocekile kwaye yomile ukuze uphephe umonakalo obangelwa luthuli, ukufuma, okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
4.Nxiba izixhobo zokukhusela ezifunekayo (umz., iiglasi zokhuseleko kunye neeglavu zokukhusela) ngexesha lokusebenza ukuthintela ukwenzakala komntu kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
5.Sebenzisa izixhobo ngokuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo nemigaqo yokusebenza. Musa ukutshintsha ngokungacwangciswanga useto lweeparameter okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza zezixhobo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
6. Ukuba izixhobo azisebenzi kakuhle okanye kukho iimeko ezingaqhelekanga, yeka ukusebenza ngoko nangoko uze ucime umbane, uze uqhagamshelane nabasebenzi bokulungisa abaziingcali ukuze bahlolwe kwaye balungiswe.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-16-2026
