Unyango lobushushu obuphezulu lwahlulwe lwahlulwe lwamacandelo amabini: olunye lunyango lokucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye olunye lunyango lobushushu obusebenzisa iikhemikhali. Indlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni yile ilandelayo:
1. Ukucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu bokufudumeza
Ukucima umphezulu kunye nonyango lobushushu obuthambileyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngokufudumeza ngokungenisa okanye ukufudumeza ilangabi. Iiparameter eziphambili zobugcisa bubunzima bomphezulu, ubunzima bendawo kunye nobunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo. Isivavanyi sobunzima beVickers okanye isivavanyi sobunzima beRockwell singasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lobunzima. Amandla ovavanyo Ukhetho lunxulumene nobunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo kunye nobunzima bomphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi. Kukho oomatshini abathathu bobunzima ababandakanyekayo apha.
(1) Isivavanyeli sobulukhuni beVickers yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngobushushu. Singasebenzisa amandla ovavanyo angama-0.5-100KG ukuvavanya umaleko wobulukhuni bomphezulu obhityileyo njengobukhulu obuyi-0.05mm. Ukuchaneka kwayo kuphezulu kwaye inokwahlula izinto zokusebenza eziphathwa ngobushushu. Umahluko omncinci kubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukongeza, ubunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo bubonwa ngumvavanyeli wobulukhuni beVickers, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuxhobisa isivavanyeli sobulukhuni beVickers kwiiyunithi ezenza ukucubungula unyango lobushushu bomphezulu okanye ezisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto zokusebenza zonyango lobushushu bomphezulu.
(2) Umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell kumphezulu ufanelekile kakhulu ukuvavanya ubunzima be-workpiece ecinyiweyo kumphezulu. Kukho izikali ezintathu zomvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell kumphezulu onokukhetha kuzo. Ungavavanya ii-workpieces ezahlukeneyo eziqiniswe kumphezulu ezinobunzulu obusebenzayo bomaleko oqiniswe ngaphezu kwe-0.1mm. Nangona ukuchaneka komvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell kumphezulu kungaphezulu njengowomvavanyi wobunzima beVickers, sele unokuhlangabezana neemfuno njengendlela yokuchonga ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuhlolwa kweziqinisekiso zezityalo zonyango lobushushu. Ngaphandle koko, ikwanazo iimpawu zokusebenza okulula, ukusetyenziswa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokufunda ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso obunzima. Umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell kumphezulu ungasetyenziselwa ukubona ngokukhawuleza nangokungonakalisiyo iibhetshi zee-workpieces eziphathwe ngobushushu kumphezulu nganye nganye. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwiifektri zokwenza isinyithi kunye noomatshini. Xa umaleko oqiniswe kumphezulu wonyango lobushushu utyebile, umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell nawo ungasetyenziswa. Xa ubukhulu bomaleko wobunzima bonyango lobushushu buyi-0.4-0.8mm, isikali se-HRA singasetyenziswa. Xa ubunzulu bomaleko oqinisiweyo Xa udlula kwi-0.8mm, isikali se-HRC singasetyenziswa. I-Vickers, i-Rockwell kunye ne-superficial Rockwell ezintathu zemigangatho yobunzima zinokuguqulwa ngokulula zibe zezinye, ziguqulwe zibe yimigangatho, imizobo okanye amaxabiso obunzima afunekayo ngabasebenzisi, kwaye itheyibhile yokuguqulwa ehambelanayo ikwi-ISO esemgangathweni yamazwe ngamazwe. I-ASTM esemgangathweni yaseMelika kunye ne-GB/T esemgangathweni yaseTshayina zinikiwe.
(3) Xa ubukhulu bomaleko oqinisiweyo ophathwe ngobushushu bungaphezulu kwe-0.2mm, kungasetyenziswa umvavanyi wobunzima beLeeb, kodwa kufuneka kukhethwe inzwa yohlobo lwe-C. Xa kulinganiswa, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekugqityweni komphezulu kunye nobukhulu bento yokusebenza. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ayinayo iVickers kunye neRockwell Umvavanyi wobunzima uchanekile, kodwa ufanelekile ukulinganiswa kwindawo efektri.
2. unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali
Unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali kukungena kumphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi ngeeathomu zento enye okanye ezininzi zeekhemikhali, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza komphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi. Emva kokucima kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kobushushu, umphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi unobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kunye namandla okudinwa okuqhagamshelana, kwaye umongo wesixhobo somsebenzi unamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Iiparameter eziphambili zobugcisa zesixhobo somsebenzi wonyango lobushushu bekhemikhali bubunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo kunye nobunzima bomphezulu. Umgama apho ubunzima buhla khona ukuya kwi-50HRC bubunzulu bomaleko oqinileyo obusebenzayo. Uvavanyo lobunzima bomphezulu wezixhobo zokusebenza eziphathwe ngobushushu bekhemikhali lufana novavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo zokusebenza eziphathwe ngobushushu obucinyiweyo kumphezulu. Abavavanyi bobunzima beVickers, abavavanyi bobunzima beRockwell kumphezulu okanye abavavanyi bobunzima beRockwell banokusetyenziswa. Umvavanyi wobunzima ukuze kufunyanwe, kuphela ubukhulu be-nitriding obukhulu buncinci, ngokubanzi bungadluli kwi-0.7mm, emva koko umvavanyi wobunzima beRockwell awunakusetyenziswa
3. unyango lobushushu lwengingqi
Ukuba iindawo zonyango lobushushu zasekuhlaleni zifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu bendawo, unyango lobushushu bokucima indawo lunokwenziwa ngokufudumeza okungenisiweyo, njl. Ezi ndawo zihlala zifuna ukuphawula indawo yonyango lobushushu bokucima indawo kunye nexabiso lobulukhuni bendawo kumzobo, kwaye uvavanyo lobulukhuni beendawo kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo ekhethiweyo, isixhobo sovavanyo lobulukhuni singasebenzisa umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell ukuvavanya ixabiso lobulukhuni beHRC. Ukuba umaleko oqinisiweyo wonyango lobushushu awunzulu, umphezulu wovavanyo lobulukhuni beRockwell ungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ixabiso lobulukhuni beHRN.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-22-2023
