Isikali sobulukhuni saseRockwell saqanjwa nguStanley Rockwell ngo-1919 ukuze ahlole ngokukhawuleza ubulukhuni bezinto zesinyithi.
(1) I-HRA
① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRA lusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimani ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg, kwaye lumisela ixabiso lobunzima bezinto ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokutsalwa. ② Iintlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Zifaneleke kakhulu kwizinto eziqinileyo ezifana ne-carbide eqinisiweyo, iiseramikhi kunye nentsimbi eqinileyo, kunye nokulinganisa ubunzima bezinto zepleyiti ebhityileyo kunye neengubo. ③ Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: ·Ukuvelisa nokuhlola izixhobo kunye neenkuni. ·Uvavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo zokusika. ·Ulawulo lomgangatho wobunzima bengubo kunye nezinto zepleyiti ebhityileyo. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Ukulinganisa ngokukhawuleza: Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRA lunokufumana iziphumo ngexesha elifutshane kwaye lufanelekile ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza kumgca wemveliso. ·Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwee-indenter zedayimani, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuphindaphindwa okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka. ·Ukuguquguquka: Iyakwazi ukuvavanya izinto zemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kubandakanya iipleyiti ezibhityileyo kunye neengubo. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa. ·Imiqathango yezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizixhobo ezithambileyo kakhulu kuba i-indenter inokuyicinezela kakhulu isampuli, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo zokulinganisa ezingachanekanga. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kokulinganisa.
(2) HRB
① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRB lusebenzisa i-indenter yebhola yentsimbi eyi-1/16-intshi ukuze lucinezele kumphezulu wezinto phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima bezinto limiselwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokuxinana. ② Iintlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Isebenza kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphakathi, ezifana nee-alloys zobhedu, ii-alloys ze-aluminium kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezithambileyo kunye nezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi. ③ Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: ·Ulawulo lomgangatho weeshiti zesinyithi kunye neepayipi. ·Uvavanyo lobunzima beentsimbi kunye nee-alloys ezingezizo zesinyithi. ·Uvavanyo lwezinto kwimizi-mveliso yokwakha neyeemoto. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa: Isebenza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi ezinobunzima obuphakathi, ngakumbi intsimbi ethambileyo kunye neentsimbi ezingezizo zesinyithi. ·Uvavanyo olulula: Inkqubo yovavanyo ilula kwaye iyakhawuleza, ifanelekile kuvavanyo olukhawulezayo kumgca wemveliso. ·Iziphumo ezizinzileyo: Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-indenter yebhola yesinyithi, iziphumo zovavanyo zizinzile kwaye ziyaphindaphindeka. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka uthambe kwaye uthe tyaba ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa. ·Umda woluhlu lobunzima: Akusetyenziswa kwizinto eziqinileyo kakhulu okanye ezithambileyo kakhulu, kuba i-indenter isenokungakwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubunzima bezi zinto. · Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka komlinganiselo.
(3) I-HRC
① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: · Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRC lusebenzisa i-indenter yekhoni yedayimani ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto phantsi komthwalo we-150 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima bezinto limiselwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokutsalwa. ② Iintlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: · Zifaneleke kakhulu kwizixhobo eziqinileyo, ezifana nentsimbi eqinileyo, i-carbide eqinisiweyo, intsimbi yesixhobo kunye nezinye izinto zesinyithi ezinobunzima obuphezulu. ③ Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: · Ukuvelisa kunye nokulawula umgangatho wezixhobo zokusika kunye neenkuni. · Uvavanyo lobunzima bentsimbi eqinileyo. · Ukuhlolwa kweegiya, iibheringi kunye nezinye iindawo zoomatshini ezinobunzima obuphezulu. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: · Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRC lunokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuphindaphindwa, kwaye lufanelekile kuvavanyo lobunzima oluneemfuno ezingqongqo. · Ukulinganisa okukhawulezayo: Iziphumo zovavanyo zingafunyanwa ngexesha elifutshane, elifanelekileyo kuvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kumgca wemveliso. · Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi: Kusebenza kuvavanyo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ngakumbi intsimbi ephathwa ngobushushu kunye nentsimbi yesixhobo. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: · Ukulungiswa kwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa. Imida yezinto: Ayifanelekanga kwizixhobo ezithambileyo kakhulu, njengoko ikhowuni yedayimani inokucinezelwa kwisampulu, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo zokulinganisa ezingachanekanga. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo zifuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kokulinganisa.
(4) I-HRD
① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lobunzima be-HRD lusebenzisa i-indenter yekhowuni yedayimani ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima bezinto limiselwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokutsalwa. ② Iintlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: ·Zifaneleke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kodwa ezingaphantsi koluhlu lwe-HRC, njengeentsimbi ezithile kunye nee-alloys eziqinileyo. ③ Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: ·Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye novavanyo lobunzima bentsimbi. ·Uvavanyo lobunzima be-alloys zobunzima obuphakathi ukuya phezulu. ·Uvavanyo lwezixhobo kunye nokubumba, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinobunzima obuphakathi ukuya phezulu. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Umthwalo ophakathi: Isikali se-HRD sisebenzisa umthwalo ophantsi (100 kg) kwaye sifanelekile kwizixhobo ezinobunzima obuphakathi ukuya phezulu. ·Ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu: I-indenter yekhowuni yedayimani inika iziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo neziphindaphindwayo kakhulu. ·Ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo: Kusebenza kuvavanyo lobunzima bezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo ziphakathi koluhlu lwe-HRA kunye ne-HRC. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ukulungiswa kwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa. Imida yezinto: Kwizinto eziqinileyo kakhulu okanye ezithambileyo, i-HRD isenokungabi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo zifuna ukulinganiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kokulinganisa.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-08-2024
