Rockwell Ukuqina Isikali HRA HRB HRC HRD

I-Rockwell hardness scale yaqanjwa nguStanley Rockwell ngo-1919 ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ukuqina kwezixhobo zetsimbi.

(1) I-HRA

① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lokuqina lwe-HRA lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-60 kg, kwaye imisela ixabiso lobunzima bezinto ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokungena. ② Iindidi zemathiriyeli esebenzayo: ·Ifaneleke kakhulu imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo efana nekhabhide enesamente, iiseramikhi kunye nentsimbi eqinileyo, kunye nomlinganiselo wobulukhuni bemathiriyeli yepleyiti ebhityileyo kunye nezaleko. ③ Iimeko zesicelo eziqhelekileyo: ·Ukwenziwa nokuhlolwa kwezixhobo kunye nokungunda. ·Uvavanyo lobunzima bezixhobo zokusika. ·Ulawulo lomgangatho wobunzima bokugquma kunye nemathiriyeli yepleyiti encinci. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Umlinganiselo okhawulezayo: Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-HRA lunokufumana iziphumo ngexesha elifutshane kwaye lufanelekile ukubonwa ngokukhawuleza kumgca wemveliso. ·Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezikhombisi zedayimane, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuphinda-phinda okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka. ·Ukuguquguquka: Ukwazi ukuvavanya imathiriyeli yeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kubandakanywa iipleyiti ezincinci kunye neengubo. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ulungiselelo lwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ucoceke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kweziphumo zomlinganiselo. ·Izithintelo zeMaterial: Ayizifanelanga imathiriyeli ethambileyo kakhulu kuba i-indenter inokucinezela ngaphezulu isampulu, ibangele iziphumo zomlinganiselo ezingachanekanga. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kunye nokuzinza.

(2)HRB

① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lobulukhuni beHRB lusebenzisa i-indenter yentsimbi eyi-1/16-intshi ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobulukhuni bezinto lichongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokungena. ② Iintlobo zemathiriyeli esebenzayo: ·Isebenza kwimathiriyeli enobulukhuni obuphakathi, njengealloyi zobhedu, iialloyi zealuminiyam kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezithambileyo kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. ③ Iimeko zesicelo eziqhelekileyo: ·Ulawulo lomgangatho wamaphepha esinyithi kunye nemibhobho. ·Uvavanyo lokuqina kwesinyithi kunye neealloys ezingenayo i-ferrous. ·Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kushishino lolwakhiwo nolweemoto. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo: Isebenza kwiimathiriyeli zetsimbi ezinobunzima obuphakathi, ngakumbi intsimbi ethambileyo kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous. ·Uvavanyo olulula: Inkqubo yovavanyo ilula kwaye ikhawuleza, ifanelekile ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kumgca wemveliso. ·Iziphumo ezizinzileyo: Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-indenter yebhola yensimbi, iziphumo zovavanyo zinozinzo oluhle kunye nokuphindaphinda. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ulungiselelo lwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa kwaye ube mcaba ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zomlinganiselo. ·Umlinganiselo woluhlu lobunzima: Ayisebenzi kwizinto eziqinileyo okanye ezithambileyo kakhulu, kuba i-indenter ayinakukwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubulukhuni bezi mathiriyeli. · Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo kufuneka zilinganiswe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka komlinganiselo.

(3)HRC

① Indlela yokuvavanya kunye nomgaqo-siseko: · Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-HRC lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo phantsi komthwalo we-150 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima bezinto luchongwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokungena. ② Iintlobo zezinto ezisebenzayo: · Ikakhulu ifaneleka kwizinto ezinzima, ezifana nentsimbi eqinile, i-carbide ene-cemented, insimbi yesixhobo kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo zetsimbi. ③ Iimeko zesicelo eziqhelekileyo: · Ukuveliswa kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho wezixhobo zokusika kunye nokubumba. · Uvavanyo lokuqina kwentsimbi eqinileyo. · Ukuhlolwa kweegiya, iibheringi kunye nezinye iindawo ezinomatshini ezinobunzima obuphezulu. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: · Ukuchaneka okuphezulu: Uvavanyo lobulukhuni lwe-HRC luchaneke kakhulu kwaye luphinda-phinda, kwaye lulungele uvavanyo lobunzima kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo. · Umlinganiselo okhawulezayo: Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokufumaneka ngexesha elifutshane, elilungele ukuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza kumgca wemveliso. · Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi: Kusetyenziswa ekuvavanyeni izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ngokukodwa isinyithi esinobushushu kunye nesixhobo sensimbi. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye izithintelo: · Ukulungiswa kwesampuli: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ucoceke ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweziphumo zokulinganisa. Unyino lwezinto eziphathekayo: Ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezithambileyo kakhulu, njengoko ikhowuni yedayimani inokucinezela ngaphezulu kwisampulu, ibangele iziphumo zomlinganiselo ezingachanekanga. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zovavanyo zifuna ukulungelelaniswa nokugcinwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuzinza komlinganiselo.

(4) HRD

① Indlela yovavanyo kunye nomgaqo: ·Uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-HRD lusebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond cone ukucinezela kumphezulu wemathiriyeli phantsi komthwalo we-100 kg, kwaye ixabiso lobulukhuni besixhobo limiselwa ngokulinganisa ubunzulu bokungena. ② Iindidi zemathiriyeli esebenzayo: ·Izilungele kakhulu imathiriyeli ezinobunzima obuphezulu kodwa ngaphantsi koluhlu lwe-HRC, njengeentsimbi ezithile kunye ne-alloys eqinile. ③ Iimeko zesicelo eziqhelekileyo: ·Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye novavanyo lobulukhuni bentsimbi. ·Uvavanyo lokuqina kobunzima obuphakathi ukuya kophezulu. ·Uvavanyo lwesixhobo kunye nokungunda, ngakumbi kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphakathi ukuya kophezulu. ④ Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo: ·Umthwalo ophakathi: Isikali se-HRD sisebenzisa umthwalo ophantsi (i-100 kg) kwaye ifanelekile kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphakathi ukuya phezulu. ·Ukuphinda-phinda okuphezulu: I-indenter ye-diamond cone ibonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezizinzileyo neziphindaphindwayo. ·Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo: Kusebenza kuvavanyo lobulukhuni bezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo ziphakathi koluhlu lwe-HRA kunye ne-HRC. ⑤ Amanqaku okanye imida: ·Ulungiselelo lwesampulu: Umphezulu wesampulu kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ucoceke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kweziphumo zomlinganiselo. Unyino lwezinto eziphathekayo: Kwimathiriyeli enzima kakhulu okanye ethambileyo, i-HRD isenokungabi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Izixhobo zokuvavanya zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kunye nokuthembeka.