Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvelisweni bubulukhuni bendlela yokucinezela, njengobulukhuni bukaBrinell, ubulukhuni bukaRockwell, ubulukhuni bukaVickers kunye nobulukhuni obuncinci. Ixabiso lobulukhuni elifunyenweyo ngokusisiseko limele ukumelana komphezulu wesinyithi nokuguqulwa kweplastiki okubangelwa kukungena kwezinto zangaphandle.
Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo emfutshane kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zobulukhuni:
1. Ubunzima bukaBrinell (HB)
Cinezela ibhola yentsimbi eqinileyo enobukhulu obuthile (ngesiqhelo yi-10mm ububanzi) kumphezulu wento enomthwalo othile (ngesiqhelo yi-3000kg) uze uyigcine ixesha elithile. Emva kokuba umthwalo ususiwe, umlinganiselo womthwalo kwindawo yokutsalwa yixabiso lobunzima beBrinell (HB), ngamandla ekhilogram/mm2 (N/mm2).
2. Ubunzima beRockwell (HR)
Xa i-HB>450 okanye isampuli incinci kakhulu, uvavanyo lobunzima beBrinell alunakusetyenziswa kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe umlinganiselo wobunzima beRockwell endaweni yoko. Isebenzisa ikhowuni yedayimani ene-engile ye-vertex ye-120° okanye ibhola yentsimbi enobubanzi be-1.59mm kunye ne-3.18mm ukucinezela kumphezulu wezinto eziza kuvavanywa phantsi komthwalo othile, kwaye ubunzima bezinto bufumaneka kubunzulu bokutsalwa. Ngokwebunzima bezinto ezivavanywayo, bunokubonakaliswa ngezikali ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
I-HRA: Bubulukhuni obufumaneka ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-60kg kunye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimani, kwaye isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu (ezifana ne-carbide eqinisiweyo, njl.njl.).
I-HRB: Bubunzima obufumaneka ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-100kg kunye nebhola yentsimbi eqinileyo enobubanzi obuyi-1.58mm. Isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphantsi (ezifana nentsimbi eqhotsiweyo, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, njl.njl.).
I-HRC: Bubulukhuni obufumaneka ngokusebenzisa umthwalo oyi-150kg kunye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimani, kwaye isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu (ezifana nentsimbi eqinileyo, njl.njl.).
Ubulukhuni beVickers obu-3 (HV)
Sebenzisa i-indenter ye-diamond square cone enomthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-120kg kunye ne-vertex angle ye-136° ukuze ucinezele kumphezulu wezinto, kwaye wahlule indawo yomphezulu we-indentation pit yezixhobo ngexabiso lomthwalo, eliyi-Vickers hardness HV value (kgf/mm2).
Xa kuthelekiswa novavanyo lobunzima bukaBrinell noRockwell, uvavanyo lobunzima bukaVickers luneengenelo ezininzi. Alunazo izithintelo zeemeko ezichaziweyo zomthwalo u-P kunye nobubanzi be-indenter D njengoBrinell, kunye nengxaki yokuguqulwa kwe-indenter; kwaye alunangxaki yokuba ixabiso lobunzima bukaRockwell alinakuhlanganiswa. Kwaye lunokuvavanya naziphi na izinto ezithambileyo neziqinileyo ezifana neRockwell, kwaye lunokuvavanya ubunzima beendawo ezincinci kakhulu (okanye iileya ezincinci) ngcono kuneRockwell, nto leyo enokwenziwa kuphela bubunzima bomphezulu weRockwell. Kodwa naphantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, lunokuthelekiswa kuphela kwisikali seRockwell, kwaye alunakuhlanganiswa namanye amanqanaba obunzima. Ukongeza, kuba iRockwell isebenzisa ubunzulu be-indent njengesalathisi sokulinganisa, kwaye ubunzulu be-indent buhlala buncinci kunobubanzi be-indent, ngoko ke impazamo yayo ehambelanayo nayo inkulu. Ke ngoko, idatha yobunzima bukaRockwell ayizinzanga njengeBrinell kunye neVickers, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayizinzanga njengeVickers ngokuchanekileyo.
Kukho ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi koBrinell, Rockwell kunye noVickers, kwaye kukho itheyibhile yobudlelwane phakathi kokuguqulwa enokubuzwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-16-2023
