Indlela yoVavanyo lwe-Mechanical ye-Cast iron Brake Shoes ezisetyenziswa kwi-Rolling Stock (I-Brake Shoe Selection of Hardness Tester)

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya oomatshini kwizihlangu zentsimbi etyhidiweyo ziya kuhambelana nomgangatho: ICS 45.060.20. Lo mgangatho uxela ukuba uvavanyo lwepropathi yoomatshini lwahlulwe lube ngamacandelo amabini:

1.Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile

Iya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ye-ISO 6892-1: 2019. Imilinganiselo kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenzwa kweesampulu zokuqina ziya kuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-ISO 185:2005.

2.Ndlela yoVavanyo loBulukhuni

Iya kuphunyezwa ngokuhambelana ne-ISO 6506-1:2014. Iisampulu zokuqina ziya kunqunyulwa ukusuka kwisiqingatha esisezantsi sebha yovavanyo olwahlukileyo; ukuba akukho bar yokuvavanya, isicathulo esinye se-brake siya kuthathwa, i-6mm - 10mm iya kucwangciswa ukusuka kwicala layo, kwaye ubunzima buya kulinganiswa kumanqaku ovavanyo lwe-4, kunye nexabiso eliqhelekileyo libe ngumphumo wokuvavanya.

Isiseko seNdlela yoVavanyo loBulukhuni

Umgangatho we-ISO 6506-1: 2014 "Izinto zeMetallic-Brinell Hardness Test-Icandelo loku-1: Indlela yoVavanyo" ichaza umgaqo, iisimboli kunye neengcaciso, izixhobo zovavanyo, imizekelo, iinkqubo zovavanyo, ukungaqiniseki kweziphumo kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lobunzima beBrinell bezinto zentsimbi.

2.1 Ukukhethwa kweZixhobo zoVavanyo: iBrinell Hardness Tester (Iyacetyiswa kuqala)

Izinto eziluncedo:Indawo yokuthomalalisa inkulu, enokuthi ibonise ubunzima obupheleleyo bezinto ezityhidiweyo (intsimbi etyhidiweyo inokuba nesakhiwo esingalinganiyo), kwaye iziphumo zimele ngakumbi.

Ifanelekile kwintsimbi ephakathi kunye nobunzima obuphantsi (HB 80 - 450), obugubungela ngokupheleleyo uluhlu olunzima lwezihlangu zentsimbi.

Umsebenzi ulula, kwaye imfuno yokugqitywa komphezulu we-specimen iphantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-Ra 1.6 - 6.3μm yanele).

2.2 Umgaqo woVavanyo loBulukhuni beBrinell

Umgaqo ungashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ibhola ye-alloy eqinile (okanye ibhola yensimbi ecinyiweyo) kunye nobubanzi be-10mm icinezelwe kumphezulu we-specimen phantsi komkhosi othile wokuvavanya (njenge-3000kgf). Emva kokulinganisa i-diameter ye-indentation, ixabiso lobunzima (HBW) libalwa ukuze libonise ukukwazi kwezinto eziphathekayo ukuchasana nokuguqulwa kweplastiki. Inzuzo yayo ephambili ixhomekeke ekumelaneni okunamandla kweziphumo, ezinokubonisa iimpawu zobunzima be-macroscopic yezinto. Yindlela yeklasikhi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuvavanyo lwentsebenzo yezinto zetsimbi.

2.3 Iimpawu kunye neeNkcazo zexabiso leBrinell Hardness

Inkcazo engundoqo yexabiso le-Brinell hardness (HBW) yile: umlinganiselo wamandla ovavanyo (F) ukuya kwindawo yokubeka i-indentation (A), kunye neyunithi ye-MPa (kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo iyunithi ayiphawulwanga, kwaye kusetyenziswa ixabiso lamanani kuphela). Ifomula yokubala imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:HBW=πD(D−D2−d2​)2×0.102×F
Apho:

F ngamandla ovavanyo (iyunithi: N);

D yi-indenter diameter (iyunithi: mm);

d ngumyinge wedayamitha ye-indentation (iyunithi: mm);

I-coefficient "0.102" yinto yokuguqulwa esetyenziselwa ukuguqula iyunithi yamandla ovavanyo ukusuka kwi-kgf ukuya ku-N (ukuba ibalwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-N, ifomula ingenziwa lula).

Inokubonwa kwifomyula ukuba phantsi kovavanyo olufanayo kunye nobubanzi be-indenter, i-diameter encinci ye-indentation, inamandla ezinto eziphathekayo zokuxhathisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lobulukhuni be-Brinell; ngokuchaseneyo, ixabiso eliphantsi lobulukhuni.

Ngokweempawu eziphathekayo zezihlangu zentsimbi ephosiweyo (intsimbi engwevu), iiparamitha zovavanyo lobulukhuni lweBrinell zihlala zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Amandla ovavanyo (F): Ngokubanzi, 3000kgf (29.42kN) isetyenziswa, kwaye isimboli ehambelana nobulukhuni ithi “HBW 10/3000″.

Qaphela: Ukuba i-specimen incinci okanye i-material ithambile, amandla okuvavanya angalungiswa (njenge-1500kgf okanye i-500kgf) ngokuhambelana ne-ISO 6506-1: 2014, kodwa oku kuya kuboniswa kwingxelo yovavanyo.