Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeefayile zentsimbi, ezibandakanya iifayile ze-fitter, iifayile ze-saw, iifayile zokubumba, iifayile ezikhethekileyo, iifayile zomlindi, iifayile zewotshi ezikhethekileyo kunye neefayile zokhuni. Iindlela zabo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni ngokuyintloko zihambelana nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ISO 234-2: 1982 Iifayile zeNsimbi ze-1982 kunye neRasps - Icandelo 2: Iimpawu zeSika.
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe uxela iindlela ezimbini zokuvavanya: indlela yokuqina ye-Rockwell kunye ne-Vickers indlela yokuqina.
1. Kwindlela yokuqina kwe-Rockwell, isikali se-Rockwell C (HRC) sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye imfuno yobunzima idla ngokuba phezulu kune-62HRC. Xa ubunzima buphezulu, i-Rockwell A scale (HRA) ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya, kwaye ixabiso lobunzima lifunyenwe ngokuguqulwa. Ubunzima besiphatho sefayile (indawo ebalelwa kwisithathu-esihlanu sobude obupheleleyo obuqala kwi-tip yokubamba) ayiyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-38HRC, kwaye ubunzima befayile yokhuni abuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-20HRC.
2.I-Vickers tester hardness ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya, kwaye ixabiso elihambelanayo lobunzima liya kufumaneka ngokuguqulwa emva kovavanyo. Ubunzima beVickers bufanelekile ukuvavanywa kweefayile zetsimbi kunye neengqimba ezincinci okanye emva kokunyanga kwendawo. Kwiifayile zetsimbi eziphathwe ngokuphathwa kobushushu bomhlaba okanye unyango lobushushu beekhemikhali, ukuqina kwazo kuya kuvavanywa kwi-smooth blank 5 mm ukuya kwi-10 mm kude nefayile yokugqibela yokusika.
Ubulukhuni bencam yezinyo buya kuba phakathi kwe-55 HRC kunye ne-58 HRC, efanelekile ukuvavanywa ngendlela ye-Vickers yobulukhuni. Ukuba kukho indawo efanelekileyo, i-workpiece inokubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-workbench ye-Vickers tester hardness test. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezixhobo zokusebenza azinakulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo; kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka silungiselele iisampulu zezixhobo zokusebenza kuqala. Inkqubo yokulungiselela isampulu ibandakanya umatshini wokusika i-metallographic, umatshini wokusila we-metallographic kunye nomatshini wokupolisha, kunye nomatshini wokushicilela we-metallographic. Emva koko, beka iisampuli ezilungisiweyo kwi-Vickers hardness tester workbench yokuvavanya.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uvavanyo lobunzima lwesibambo sefayile lunokwenziwa kuphela xa umphezulu ucutshungulwe ukuhlangabezana neemeko zokuvavanya; ngaphandle kwamalungiselelo alo mgangatho, uvavanyo lobunzima beefayile zetsimbi luya kuhambelana nemimiselo ye-ISO 6508 kunye ne-ISO 6507-1.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-24-2025
