Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zizinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubunjineli bemishini, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthembeka kokusebenza komatshini wonke. Uvavanyo lobunzima beendawo eziqengqelekayo zezinye zeempawu zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokhuseleko. Imigangatho yeHlabathi ye-ISO 6508-1″ Iindlela zoVavanyo loBulukhuni beendawo eziqengqelekayo” ichaza iimfuno zobugcisa zovavanyo lobunzima beendawo, kuquka oku kulandelayo:
1. Iimfuno zokuqina zokuthwala iindawo emva kokushisa;
1） Intsimbi ethwele i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu (uthotho lwe-GCr15):
Ubunzima emva kokulungiswa buhlala bufuneka ukuba bube phakathi kwe-60 ~ 65 HRC (isikali sobunzima beRockwell C) ；
Ubulukhuni obuncinci akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-60 HRC; kungenjalo, ukumelana nokuguguleka akuyi kwanela, nto leyo ekhokelela ekugugulekeni kwangethuba;
Ubunzima obukhulu akufuneki budlule kwi-65 HRC ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka okugqithisileyo kwezinto, okunokubangela ukwaphuka phantsi komthwalo onzima.
2） Izixhobo zeemeko zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nentsimbi ethwala i-carburised, intsimbi ethwala i-high-temperature):
Intsimbi yeebhereyitha zeCarburised (ezifana ne-20CrNiMo): Ubunzima bomaleko wecarburised emva kokuthambisa ngokubanzi yi-58~63 HRC, kwaye ubunzima becore buphantsi kakhulu (25~40 HRC), okulinganisela ukumelana nokuguguleka komphezulu kunye nokuqina kwecore；
Intsimbi ethwala ubushushu obuphezulu (njenge-Cr4Mo4V): Emva kokufudumala kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu, ubunzima buhlala bukwi-58~63 HRC ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokumelana nokuguguleka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
2. Iimfuno zokuqina kweendawo zokuthwala emva kokushisa okuphezulu;
Indlela yokubaleka engama-200°C 60 – 63HRC Ibhola yentsimbi 62 – 66HRC Irola 61 – 65 HRC
225°C Raceway 59 – 62HRC Steel Ball62 – 66HRC Roller61 – 65 HRC
250°C Raceway 58 – 62HRC Steel Ball58 – 62HRC Roller58 – 62 HRC
Indlela yokubaleka engama-300°C 55 – 59HRC Ibhola yentsimbi 56 – 59HRC Irola 55 – 59 HRC
3. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zeesampulu ezivavanyiweyo kuvavanyo lobulukhuni, kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezifana nokukhethwa kweendlela zovavanyo lobulukhuni, amandla ovavanyo, kunye nendawo yovavanyo.
1） Amandla ovavanyo lweRockwell hardness tester: 60kg, 100kg, 150kg (588.4N, 980.7N, 1471N)
Uluhlu lwamandla ovavanyo lwe-Vickers hardness tester lubanzi kakhulu:10g~100kg (0.098N ~ 980.7N)
Amandla ovavanyo kwi-Leeb hardness tester: Uhlobo D yeyona nkcazelo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-test force (impembelelo yamandla), efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo
2） Jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi ukuze ufumane indlela yokuvavanya
| Inombolo yothotho | Iinkcukacha zenxalenye | Indlela yovavanyo | Amagqabaza |
| 1 | D< 200 | I-HRA, i-HRC | I-HRC inikwa ingqalelo ephambili |
| bₑ≥1.5 | |||
| Dw≥4.7625~60 | |||
| 2 | bₑ<1.5 | HV | Ingavavanywa ngokuthe ngqo okanye emva kokufakelwa |
| Dw<4.7625 | |||
| 3 | D ≥ 200 | I-HLD | Zonke iindawo eziqengqelekayo zokuthwala ubunzima ezingenakuvavanywa kwi-benchtop hardness tester zingavavanywa ngendlela yeLeeb |
| bₑ ≥ 10 | |||
| Dw≥ 60 | |||
| Qaphela: Ukuba umsebenzisi uneemfuno ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo lobulukhuni, kunokukhethwa ezinye iindlela zokuvavanya ubulukhuni. | |||
| Inombolo yothotho | Indlela yovavanyo | Iinkcukacha zenxalenye/mm | Uvavanyo lwamandla/N |
| 1 | I-HRC | bₑ ≥ 2.0, Dw≥ 4.7625 | 1471.0 |
| 2 | I-HRA | bₑ > 1.5 ~ 2.0 | 588.4 |
| 3 | HV | bₑ > 1.2 ~ 1.5, Dw≥ 2.0 ~ 4.7625 | 294.2 |
| 4 | HV | bₑ > 0.8 ~ 1.2, Dw≥ 1 ~ 2 | 98.07 |
| 5 | HV | bₑ > 0.6 ~ 0.8, Dw≥ 0.6 ~ 0.8 | 49.03 |
| 6 | HV | bₑ < 0.6, Dw< 0.6 | 9.8 |
| 7 | I-HLD | bₑ ≥ 10, Dw≥ 60 | 0.011 J (iiJoule) |
Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwayo ngo-2007, iindlela zovavanyo ezichazwe kumgangatho zisetyenziswe kakhulu kulawulo lomgangatho wenkqubo yemveliso kumashishini okuvelisa iibhereyitha.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-20-2025
