Ikhowudi yobunzima bentsimbi nguH. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni, ukubonakaliswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS) ubulukhuni, njl., phakathi kwazo I-HB kunye ne-HRC zisetyenziswa kakhulu. I-HB inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kwaye i-HRC ifanelekile kwizinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu bomhlaba, njengobulukhuni bonyango lobushushu. Umahluko kukuba i-indenter ye-hardness tester yahlukile. Umvavanyi wobulukhuni be-Brinell yi-indenter yebhola, ngelixa umvavanyi wobulukhuni be-Rockwell yi-indenter yedayimane.
I-HV-ilungele uhlalutyo lwe-microscope. Vickers hardness (HV) Cofa umphezulu wemathiriyeli ngomthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-120kg kunye ne-diamond square cone indenter ene-vertex angle ye-136°. Ummandla ongaphezulu womgodi wokungeniswa kwezinto wahlulwe ngexabiso lomthwalo, elixabiso lobunzima beVickers (HV). Ubulukhuni beVickers buchazwa njenge-HV (jonga kwi-GB/T4340-1999), kwaye ilinganisa iisampulu ezibhityileyo kakhulu.
I-HL ephathekayo umvavanyi wobulukhuni ilungele umlinganiselo. Isebenzisa intloko yebhola yempembelelo ukuchaphazela umphezulu wobunzima kwaye ivelise i-bounce. Ubunzima bubalwa ngumlinganiselo wesantya sokubuyela emva kwepunch kwi-1mm ukusuka kwisampula yomhlaba ukuya kwisantya sempembelelo. Ifomula yile: Ubulukhuni beLeeb HL = 1000×VB (isantya sokubuyela kwakhona) / VA (isantya sempembelelo).
Umhloli wobulukhuni obuphathekayo weLeeb unokuguqulwa ube nguBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) ubulukhuni emva komlinganiselo weLeeb (HL). Okanye sebenzisa umgaqo kaLeeb ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lobulukhuni kunye neBrinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Ukuqina kweBrinell:
I-Brinell hardness (HB) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa imathiriyeli ithambile, njengesinyithi esingeyontsimbi, intsimbi phambi kokunyangwa kobushushu okanye emva kokufakwa. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell (HRC) ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, obufana nobulukhuni emva konyango lobushushu, njl.
Ubunzima beBrinell (HB) luvavanyo lomthwalo wobungakanani obuthile. Ibhola yentsimbi eqinile okanye ibhola ye-carbide yobubanzi obuthile icinezelwe kwindawo yesinyithi ukuze ihlolwe. Umthwalo wokuvavanya ugcinwa ixesha elithile, kwaye ke umthwalo uyasuswa ukulinganisa ububanzi be-indentation ebusweni ukuze kuhlolwe. Ixabiso lobunzima beBrinell yi-quotient efunyenwe ngokwahlula umthwalo ngendawo engqukuva yomphezulu wokungeniswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibhola yensimbi eqinile yobukhulu obuthile (ngokuqhelekileyo i-10mm ububanzi) icinezelwe kwindawo yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomthwalo othile (ngokuqhelekileyo i-3000kg) kwaye igcinwe ixesha elithile. Emva kokuba umthwalo ususiwe, umlinganiselo womthwalo kwindawo yokufakela i-Brinell hardness value (HB), kunye neyunithi i-kilogram force / mm2 (N / mm2).
Ubunzima be-Rockwell bumisela isalathiso sexabiso lobulukhuni ngokusekelwe kubunzulu be-deformation yeplastiki ye-indentation. I-0.002 mm isetyenziswe njengeyunithi yobunzima. Xa i-HB>450 okanye isampulu incinci kakhulu, uvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Brinell alunakusetyenziswa kwaye umlinganiselo wobulukhuni be-Rockwell uyasetyenziswa endaweni yoko. Isebenzisa i-diamond cone ene-vertex angle ye-120 ° okanye ibhola yensimbi kunye nobubanzi be-1.59 okanye i-3.18mm ukucinezela ebusweni bezinto eziphantsi kovavanyo phantsi komthwalo othile, kwaye ubunzima bezinto zibalwa ukusuka kubunzulu. yokuhlenga-hlengisa. Ngokobulukhuni bemathiriyeli yovavanyo, ibonakaliswa kwizikali ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
I-HRA: Bubulukhuni obufunyenwe ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-60kg kunye ne-diamond cone indenter, esetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu (ezifana ne-cemented carbide, njl.).
I-HRB: Bubulukhuni obufunyenwe ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-100kg kunye nebhola yensimbi eqinile kunye nobubanzi be-1.58mm, esetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphantsi (njengensimbi edibeneyo, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, njl.).
I-HRC: Bubulukhuni obufunyenwe ngokusebenzisa umthwalo we-150kg kunye ne-diamond cone indenter, esetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu (njengentsimbi eqinile, njl.).
Ukwengeza:
I-1.HRC ithetha ukuqina kwe-Rockwell C isikali.
I-2.HRC kunye ne-HB zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso.
I-3.HRC esebenzayo uluhlu lwe-HRC 20-67, olulingana ne-HB225-650,
Ukuba ubunzima bungaphezulu kolu luhlu, sebenzisa i-Rockwell hardness A isikali HRA,
Ukuba ubulukhuni bungaphantsi kolu luhlu, sebenzisa ukuqina kwe-Rockwell B isikali se-HRB,
Umda ophezulu we-Brinell hardness yi-HB650, engenakuba ngaphezulu kweli xabiso.
4.I-indenter ye-Rockwell hardness tester C isikali yicone yedayimane ene-engile ye-vertex ye-120 degrees. Umthwalo wovavanyo lixabiso elithile. Umgangatho waseTshayina yi-150 kgf. I-indenter ye-Brinell hardness tester yibhola yentsimbi eqinile (HBS) okanye ibhola ye-carbide (HBW). Umthwalo wokuvavanya uyahluka kunye nobubanzi bebhola, ukusuka kwi-3000 ukuya kwi-31.25 kgf.
5.I-Rockwell hardness indentation incinci kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lihlala kwindawo. Kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa amanqaku amaninzi ukufumana ixabiso eliphakathi. Kufanelekile kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye neengcezu ezincinci kwaye zihlelwa njengovavanyo olungonakalisi. I-indentation ye-Brinell hardness inkulu, ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lichanekile, alifanelekanga kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye neengcezu ezincinci, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azihlelwanga njengovavanyo olungonakalisi.
6. Ixabiso lobunzima bobunzima be-Rockwell linani elingachazwanga igama ngaphandle kweeyunithi. (Ngoko ke, akulunganga ukubiza ukuqina kwe-Rockwell njengeqondo elithile.) Ixabiso lobulukhuni be-Brinell ubulukhuni buneeyunithi kwaye bunobudlelwane obusondeleyo obusondeleyo kunye namandla okuqina.
7. Ukuqina kwe-Rockwell kuboniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-dial okanye eboniswe ngedijithali. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngokukhawuleza kwaye inembile, kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi. Ubulukhuni beBrinell bufuna imakroskopu ukulinganisa idiameter ye-indentation, kwaye emva koko ujonge itafile okanye ubale, obunzima kakhulu ekusebenzeni.
8. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-HB ne-HRC zinokutshintshwa ngokujonga phezulu kwetafile. Ifomula yokubala ngengqondo inokurekhodwa ngokurhabaxa ngolu hlobo: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
Uvavanyo lobunzima yindlela elula nelula yovavanyo kuvavanyo lwepropathi yoomatshini. Ukuze kusetyenziswe uvavanyo lobunzima ukutshintsha iimvavanyo ezithile zepropathi yoomatshini, unxulumano oluchaneke ngakumbi loguqulo phakathi kobulukhuni kunye namandla luyafuneka kwimveliso.
Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba kukho unxulumano olusondeleyo phakathi kwamaxabiso ahlukeneyo obunzima bemathiriyeli yesinyithi naphakathi kwexabiso lobulukhuni kunye nexabiso lamandla. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso lobulukhuni limiselwa ukuxhathisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yokuqala kunye nokuqhubeka nokuxhathisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, ukuphakama kwamandla ezinto eziphathekayo, ukuphakama kokumelana nokuguqulwa kweplastiki, kunye nokuphakama kwexabiso lobulukhuni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-16-2024
