Ukusetyenziswa komvavanyi wobulukhuni

Umvavanyi wobulukhuni sisixhobo sokulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto. Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezilinganiswayo, umvavanyi wobulukhuni unokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni zisetyenziswa kushishino lokucubungula oomatshini, kwaye ikakhulu zilinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto zesinyithi. Ezifana nezi: Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beLeeb, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beVickers, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni bemicro, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beShore, Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beWebster njl. Iinkalo ezithile zokusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo zokuvavanya ubulukhuni zezi zilandelayo:

Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beBrinell:Isetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lobunzima bentsimbi eqingqiweyo kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo esinesakhiwo esingalinganiyo. Ubunzima beBrinell bentsimbi eqingqiweyo kunye nesinyithi esingwevu buhambelana kakuhle novavanyo lokuxinana. Uvavanyo lobunzima beBrinell lungasetyenziselwa neentsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo. I-indenter yebhola encinci enobubanzi inokulinganisa ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nezinto ezincinci, kwaye ilinganise iivenkile zonyango lobushushu kunye namasebe okuhlola iifektri zeefektri ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini. I-Brinell hardness tester isetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlolo lwezinto ezikrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ngenxa yokuxinana okukhulu, ayisetyenziselwa kuhlolo lwemveliso egqityiweyo.

 

Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beRockwell:Vavanya iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsimbi ze-ferrous kunye nezingeyo-ferrous, vavanya ubulukhuni bentsimbi ecinyiweyo, intsimbi ecinyiweyo neqinisiweyo, intsimbi eqhotsiweyo, intsimbi eqinisiweyo, iipleyiti ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, izinto ze-carbide, izinto ze-powder metallurgy, izinto zokutshiza ezishushu, izinto ezibandayo, izinto ezipholisiweyo, ii-castings ezinyibilikayo, ii-alloys ze-aluminium, intsimbi ethwala, iipleyiti zentsimbi ezibhityileyo eziqinisiweyo, njl.njl.

Isivavanyeli soBulukhuni beRockwell esingaphezulu:Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubulukhuni besinyithi esibhityileyo, umbhobho wodonga obhityileyo, isinyithi esiqinileyo kunye neenxalenye ezincinci, i-alloy eqinileyo, i-carbide, isinyithi esiqinileyo, ishidi eliqinileyo, isinyithi esicinyiweyo nesithambileyo, isinyithi esibandayo, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, i-aluminium, ubhedu, i-magnesium kunye nezinye iintsimbi ze-alloy.

 

Isivavanyeli sobulukhuni beVickers: linganisa iindawo ezincinci, iipleyiti zentsimbi ezibhityileyo, iifoyile zesinyithi, amaphepha e-IC, iingcingo, iileya ezibhityileyo eziqinileyo, iileya ezifakwe ngombane, iglasi, ubucwebe kunye neeseramikhi, iintsimbi ze-ferrous, iintsimbi ezingezizo eze-ferrous, amaphepha e-IC, iingubo zomphezulu, iintsimbi ezilaminethiweyo; iglasi, iiseramikhi, i-agate, amatye anqabileyo, njl.njl.; uvavanyo lobunzulu kunye nobunzima be-gradient beeleya ezifakwe i-carbonized kunye neeleya ezicimayo. Ukucubungula izixhobo, ishishini le-elektroniki, izixhobo zokubumba, ishishini lewotshi.

 

I-Knoopumvavanyi wobulukhuni:isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa ubulukhuni bezinto ezincinci nezincinci, iingubo zokungena kumphezulu kunye nezinye izinto, kunye nokulinganisa ubulukhuni beKnoop bezinto ezibuthathaka neziqinileyo ezifana neglasi, iiseramikhi, i-agate, amatye anqabileyo okwenziwa, njl.njl., ububanzi obufanelekileyo: unyango lobushushu, i-carburization, umaleko wokuqina ocimayo, uphahla lomphezulu, intsimbi, iintsimbi ezingezizo iintsimbi kunye neendawo ezincinci nezincinci, njl.njl.

 

Umvavanyi wobulukhuni beLeeb:intsimbi kunye nentsimbi ephosiweyo, intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy, intsimbi ephosiweyo engwevu, intsimbi ephosiweyo, i-aluminium alloy ephosiweyo, i-copper-zinc alloy (ithusi), i-copper-tin alloy (ithusi), i-copper-tin alloy (ithusi), i-purple copper, intsimbi eyenziwe nge-forged, intsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ye-chrome, intsimbi ye-chrome-vanadium, intsimbi ye-chrome-nickel, intsimbi ye-chrome-molybdenum, intsimbi ye-chrome-manganese-silicon, intsimbi enamandla kakhulu, intsimbi engatyiwayo, njl.

 

Shisinyithiumvavanyi wobulukhuni:Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa ubulukhuni beplastiki ethambileyo kunye nerabha yobunzima besiqhelo, njengerabha ethambileyo, irabha yokwenziwa, iirola zerabha zokuprinta, ii-elastomers ze-thermoplastic, isikhumba, njl. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweplastiki, kushishino lwerabha nakwamanye amashishini eekhemikhali, kubandakanya ubulukhuni beplastiki eqinileyo kunye nerabha eqinileyo, njenge-thermoplastic hard resins, izinto zomgangatho, iibhola ze-bowling, njl. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa ekulinganisweni kobulukhuni berabha kunye neemveliso zeplastiki ezigqityiweyo kwindawo.